Wiki » History » Version 43
Version 42 (Julian Quinting, 07/01/2020 06:01 PM) → Version 43/50 (Julian Quinting, 07/29/2021 03:07 PM)
h1. NAWDIC planning wiki (public area)
This wiki page serves as a platform to share information on prepare the future North *North Atlantic Waveguide, Dry Intrusion, and Downstream Impact Campaign (NAWDIC). (NAWDIC).* For more information please read the general information below. Additionally, registered users have are able to access to the "internal area":https://internal.wavestoweather.de/campaign/projects/nawdic-internal/wiki where more information material is shared. There you can express your interest and add details on your contribution. _If you are already registered for the NAWDEX wiki, you can use the same login details._
Information regarding NAWDIC will be communicated via the email address *nawdic(at)lists.kit.edu*. You can subscribe to the mailing list by sending an email with content *SUBSCRIBE nawdic _your name_* to sympa(at)lists.kit.edu. Please send the subscription request without subject. See "here":https://internal.wavestoweather.de/campaign/projects/nawdic/wiki/Contacts/ for more details
h2. Context
NAWDIC is a new initiative for an international field campaign focusing on mid-latitude atmospheric dynamics with the aim to provide detailed required observations for improving the understanding and modelling of the mesoscale tropopause structure, the dry intrusion air stream - PBL interaction, structure and their relation to downstream high impact weather (HIW) in the eastern North Atlantic region in winter. NAWDIC will build directly on insights of the North Atlantic Wave guide and Downstream impact EXperiment (NAWDEX; Schäfler et al. 2018; http://nawdex.org, http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/nawdex/, "Map of HALO flights during NAWDEX":https://internal.wavestoweather.de/campaign/attachments/488/NAWDEX_HALO_ALL_RF.png) that observed diabatic processes in ascending air streams and investigated their impact on the tropopause structure. While we envisage NAWDIC as an international campaign, it is initiated through its German HALO-aircraft component, currently scheduled for Jan/Feb 2026, However, we envisage NAWDIC now as an international campaign, which consists of several components, which are planned as stand-alone measurement campaigns by different groups, but will benefit from synergies if coordinated under to take place in the umbrella of NAWDIC.
NAWDIC is endorsed by winter (within the High-Impact Weather Project ("HIWeather":http://www.hiweather.net/) within the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) January-March window) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Within HIWeather, NAWDIC will contribute to advance the fundamental understanding of HIW in the research theme predictability and processes.
2024 or 2025. Here we outline our initial suggestions.
p=. !{width:40%}20210716_NAWDIC_schematic_WEU.png! !{width:40%}NAWDIC_SCHEMATIC.png!
h2. Scientific background
The tropopause structure is important for the extratropical large-scale circulation, as it is closely related to the strength of the jet stream, forming a wave guide for Rossby waves (e.g. Martius et al. 2010; Grams and Archambault 2016; Quinting and Vitart 2019). Two of the key findings of NAWDEX are (i) previously unobserved near-tropopause mesoscale perturbations meso-scale features related to diabatic processes that sharpen the tropopause potential vorticity gradient and enhance the jet stream wind speeds (Harvey et al. 2020; Oertel et al. 2020), and (ii) observational evidence of an underestimation insufficient representation of strong humidity, temperature and wind gradients at the tropopause already in the analysis and early forecast of state-of-the-art NWP systems (Schäfler et al. 2020).
The tropopause Tropopause structure may affect has a significant influence on the formation of HIW in two ways: either through HIW. On the remote influence of tropopause perturbations on one hand, it affects the large-scale balanced flow or through direct descent propagation and amplification of air masses from upper to lower levels. Rossby waves which can later trigger downstream HIW. A key feature in more direct – still understudied – effect is the air mass transport context is the in so-called dry intrusion airstream, intrusions (DIs), which connects connect the near-tropopause air with weather phenomena at the surface downstream in a Lagrangian sense. Within DIs, air masses descend slantwise from near the tropopause towards the cold front of the cyclone downstream (Browning 1997), where they are climatologically associated with strong fronts, enhanced vertical mixing in the boundary layer and heavy frontal precipitation (Raveh-Rubin 2017; Catto and Raveh-Rubin 2019). Yet, there are still major uncertainties regarding it remains unclear under which conditions DIs trigger convection, strong and damaging winds, and how they affect the dynamics distribution of perturbations along cold fronts, such as cold frontal rainbands clouds and their relation to severe weather. Further, when heavy precipitation. Indeed, the structure of the tropopause and the interaction of DIs reach with the planetary boundary layer the presence (PBL), through their impact on surface fluxes, are potential sources of relatively cool errors and dry air over the ocean enhances moisture uptake. This could support the formation of or interaction with atmospheric rivers, which frequently lead to widespread heavy precipitation, particularly when encountering orography. uncertainty in NWP models (Magnusson and Sandu 2019).
h2. Scientific goal
*NAWDIC NAWDIC aims to advance provide high-res observations to enhance our understanding of the synoptic- to micro-scale dynamical tropopause structure, DI-PBL interaction and physical processes associated with the triggering their role as precursors of severe wind gusts, heavy precipitation, and cold air outbreaks in the North Atlantic, Euro-Mediterranean region and of HIW. Aiming to further improve their representation in NWP models.* More specifically, NAWDIC models, model output will focus on the physical understanding and quantification be evaluated by assimilation of the dry intrusion airstream for the evolution of HIW related added observations to extratropical cyclones in winter. identify model biases and new benefits. NAWDIC research is structured around three science goals:
# NAWDIC will make measurements able to characterize systematically sample the mesoscale near-tropopause structure of with a particular focus on its sharpness in the cloud and wind field, including vertical motion, within the jet stream, particularly near jet streaks and horizontal directions in locations regions from where DIs originate (region 1 in Fig. 1). We complement this by following and probing the coherent descent of dry intrusion air masses begins.
# NAWDIC will strengthen our understanding of momentum transport into descending DI airstreams from above until they reach and interact with the PBL and its role in the formation regions of severe wind gusts exceptional surface heat and convection. This will be achieved by high-resolution moisture fluxes (region 2). Finally we plan observations of wind, temperature, all phases of water, and cloud microphysical properties where dry intrusions descend with high spatio-temporal resolution in downstream regions prone to the top HIW (region 3 in Fig. 1).
h2. Observational aims
The HALO research aircraft will perform measurements of the PBL, meso- to synoptic-scale structure near the PBL tropopause, and surface beneath as well as the neighbouring cold fronts.
# NAWDIC will clarify the importance of the model representation interaction of surface fluxes in DI air masses with the cold sector and near fronts of extratropical cyclones for PBL over the data-sparse North Atlantic, that are related to downstream HIW and subsequent cyclogenesis, in particular over the ocean. Europe. To this end, detailed observations acquire highly-resolved horizontal and vertical profiles of turbulent heat, moisture wind, moisture, and momentum fluxes at the air-sea interface are planned.
h2. Observational strategy
We envision NAWDIC as temperature, we envisage a modular international effort, in which several groups contribute components that are in principle feasible as stand-alone projects. This gives us novel combination of instruments: the necessary flexibility to cope with unavoidable uncertainties in funding, planning, recently developed high-density KITsonde system, and implementation. NAWDIC forms the umbrella aiming to realize all components together in a coordinated manner in order to maximise synergies between the individual contributions. NAWDIC follows a “seamless” observational approach across scales: high-altitude, long-range aircraft, such as HALO, will characterise the large-scale environment and provide observations with remote sensing and dropsondes covering the spatial extent joint operation of a synoptic event. Envisaged observations Doppler wind Lidar together with mid-range, mid-troposphere aircraft (e.g., UK BAe146; French ATR42) components will characterise the mesoscale structure and cloud microphysical properties of the descending dry intrusion airstream and the PBL. This will be complemented with ground-based measurement networks that are high resolution Water Vapor Lidar Experiment in both time and space Space (WALES), to observe the mesoscale and convective structures connected to surface weather impact. In our seamless approach, modelling forms an integral part, which will – allow a quantification of moisture fluxes in collaboration with weather services – directly transfer the heterogeneous but precise observations into a structured model using data assimilation systems across scales.
*For more details we refer to the International Science Plan first published on 30 July 2021.* PBL (Kiemle et al. 2011).
---
h2. References
* Browning, K. A. (1997). 1997. The dry intrusion perspective of extra-tropical cyclone development. Meteorological Applications, 4(4), 317-324. "https://doi.org/10.1017/S1350482797000613":https://doi.org/10.1017/S1350482797000613
Meteorol. Appl., 4, 317-324
* Catto, J.L., & J. L., and S. Raveh-Rubin, S. (2019). 2019. Climatology and dynamics of the link between dry intrusions and cold fronts during winter. Part I: global climatology. Clim. Dyn., Dyn. 53, 1873-1892. "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04745-w":https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04745-w 1873-1892
* Grams, C. M., & C.M. and H.M. Archambault, H. M. (2016). 2016. The Key Role key role of Diabatic Outflow diabatic outflow in Amplifying amplifying the Midlatitude Flow: midlatitude flow: A Representative Case Study representative case study of Weather Systems Surrounding Western weather systems surrounding western North Pacific Extratropical Transition, Monthly Weather Review, 144(10), 3847-3869. "https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0419.1":https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0419.1 extratropical transition. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144, 3847-3869
* Harvey, B., B, J. Methven, J., C. Sanchez, C., & and A. Schäfler, A. (2020). Diabatic generation of negative potential vorticity and its impact on the North Atlantic jet stream. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146(728), 1477-1497. "https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3747":https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3747 2020. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 1-22
* Kiemle, C., M. Wirth, A. Fix, S., Rahm, U. Corsmeier, and P. Di Girolamo, 2011. Latent heat flux measurements over complex terrain by airborne water vapour and wind lidars. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 190-203
* Magnusson, L. & and I. Sandu, I. (2019). 2019. Experts review synergies between observational campaigns and weather forecasting, ECMWF Newsletter, No. Newsletter 161, ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, available at: "https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2019/19263-newsletter-no-161-autumn-2019.pdf":https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2019/19263-newsletter-no-161-autumn-2019.pdf 6-7
* Martius, Martius O., C. Schwierz, C., & Davies, and H. C. (2010). Tropopause-Level Waveguides, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 67(3), 866-879. "https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS2995.1":https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS2995.1 Davies, 2010. Tropopause-level waveguides. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 866-879
* Oertel, A., Boettcher, M., Joos, H., Sprenger, M., & Wernli, H. (2020). 2020. Potential vorticity structure of embedded convection in a warm conveyor belt and its relevance for large-scale dynamics. Weather and Climate Dynamics, 1(1), 127-153. "https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-127-2020":https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-127-2020 1, 127-153
* Quinting, J. F., & and F. Vitart, F. (2019). 2019. Representation of synoptic-scale Rossby wave packets and blocking in the S2S prediction project database. Geophysical Research Letters, Geophys. Res. Let., 46, 1070-1078. "https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081381":https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081381 1070-1078
* Raveh-Rubin, S. (2017). S., 2017. Dry intrusions: Lagrangian climatology and dynamical impact on the planetary boundary layer. Journal of J. Climate, 30(17), 6661-6682. "https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0782.1":https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0782.1 30, 6661-6682
* Schäfler, A., G. Craig, G., H. Wernli, H., Arbogast, P., Doyle, J.D., McTaggart-Cowan, R., Methven, J., Rivière, G., and 42 Co-Authors (2018). et al., 2018. The North Atlantic waveguide Waveguide and downstream impact experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 99(8), 1607-1637. "https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0003.1":https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0003.1
Downstream Impact Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99, 1607-1637
* Schäfler, A., B. Harvey, J. Methven, J.D. J. D. Doyle, S. Rahm, O. Reitebuch, F. Weiler, and B. Witschas (2020). Witschas. 2020. Observation of jet stream winds during NAWDEX and characterization of systematic meteorological analysis errors. Monthly Weather Review, 148(7), 2889-2907. "https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0229.1":https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0229.1 error, Mon. Wea. Rev., accepted.
This wiki page serves as a platform to share information on prepare the future North *North Atlantic Waveguide, Dry Intrusion, and Downstream Impact Campaign (NAWDIC). (NAWDIC).* For more information please read the general information below. Additionally, registered users have are able to access to the "internal area":https://internal.wavestoweather.de/campaign/projects/nawdic-internal/wiki where more information material is shared. There you can express your interest and add details on your contribution. _If you are already registered for the NAWDEX wiki, you can use the same login details._
Information regarding NAWDIC will be communicated via the email address *nawdic(at)lists.kit.edu*. You can subscribe to the mailing list by sending an email with content *SUBSCRIBE nawdic _your name_* to sympa(at)lists.kit.edu. Please send the subscription request without subject. See "here":https://internal.wavestoweather.de/campaign/projects/nawdic/wiki/Contacts/ for more details
h2. Context
NAWDIC is a new initiative for an international field campaign focusing on mid-latitude atmospheric dynamics with the aim to provide detailed required observations for improving the understanding and modelling of the mesoscale tropopause structure, the dry intrusion air stream - PBL interaction, structure and their relation to downstream high impact weather (HIW) in the eastern North Atlantic region in winter. NAWDIC will build directly on insights of the North Atlantic Wave guide and Downstream impact EXperiment (NAWDEX; Schäfler et al. 2018; http://nawdex.org, http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/nawdex/, "Map of HALO flights during NAWDEX":https://internal.wavestoweather.de/campaign/attachments/488/NAWDEX_HALO_ALL_RF.png) that observed diabatic processes in ascending air streams and investigated their impact on the tropopause structure. While we envisage NAWDIC as an international campaign, it is initiated through its German HALO-aircraft component, currently scheduled for Jan/Feb 2026, However, we envisage NAWDIC now as an international campaign, which consists of several components, which are planned as stand-alone measurement campaigns by different groups, but will benefit from synergies if coordinated under to take place in the umbrella of NAWDIC.
NAWDIC is endorsed by winter (within the High-Impact Weather Project ("HIWeather":http://www.hiweather.net/) within the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) January-March window) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Within HIWeather, NAWDIC will contribute to advance the fundamental understanding of HIW in the research theme predictability and processes.
2024 or 2025. Here we outline our initial suggestions.
p=. !{width:40%}20210716_NAWDIC_schematic_WEU.png! !{width:40%}NAWDIC_SCHEMATIC.png!
h2. Scientific background
The tropopause structure is important for the extratropical large-scale circulation, as it is closely related to the strength of the jet stream, forming a wave guide for Rossby waves (e.g. Martius et al. 2010; Grams and Archambault 2016; Quinting and Vitart 2019). Two of the key findings of NAWDEX are (i) previously unobserved near-tropopause mesoscale perturbations meso-scale features related to diabatic processes that sharpen the tropopause potential vorticity gradient and enhance the jet stream wind speeds (Harvey et al. 2020; Oertel et al. 2020), and (ii) observational evidence of an underestimation insufficient representation of strong humidity, temperature and wind gradients at the tropopause already in the analysis and early forecast of state-of-the-art NWP systems (Schäfler et al. 2020).
The tropopause Tropopause structure may affect has a significant influence on the formation of HIW in two ways: either through HIW. On the remote influence of tropopause perturbations on one hand, it affects the large-scale balanced flow or through direct descent propagation and amplification of air masses from upper to lower levels. Rossby waves which can later trigger downstream HIW. A key feature in more direct – still understudied – effect is the air mass transport context is the in so-called dry intrusion airstream, intrusions (DIs), which connects connect the near-tropopause air with weather phenomena at the surface downstream in a Lagrangian sense. Within DIs, air masses descend slantwise from near the tropopause towards the cold front of the cyclone downstream (Browning 1997), where they are climatologically associated with strong fronts, enhanced vertical mixing in the boundary layer and heavy frontal precipitation (Raveh-Rubin 2017; Catto and Raveh-Rubin 2019). Yet, there are still major uncertainties regarding it remains unclear under which conditions DIs trigger convection, strong and damaging winds, and how they affect the dynamics distribution of perturbations along cold fronts, such as cold frontal rainbands clouds and their relation to severe weather. Further, when heavy precipitation. Indeed, the structure of the tropopause and the interaction of DIs reach with the planetary boundary layer the presence (PBL), through their impact on surface fluxes, are potential sources of relatively cool errors and dry air over the ocean enhances moisture uptake. This could support the formation of or interaction with atmospheric rivers, which frequently lead to widespread heavy precipitation, particularly when encountering orography. uncertainty in NWP models (Magnusson and Sandu 2019).
h2. Scientific goal
*NAWDIC NAWDIC aims to advance provide high-res observations to enhance our understanding of the synoptic- to micro-scale dynamical tropopause structure, DI-PBL interaction and physical processes associated with the triggering their role as precursors of severe wind gusts, heavy precipitation, and cold air outbreaks in the North Atlantic, Euro-Mediterranean region and of HIW. Aiming to further improve their representation in NWP models.* More specifically, NAWDIC models, model output will focus on the physical understanding and quantification be evaluated by assimilation of the dry intrusion airstream for the evolution of HIW related added observations to extratropical cyclones in winter. identify model biases and new benefits. NAWDIC research is structured around three science goals:
# NAWDIC will make measurements able to characterize systematically sample the mesoscale near-tropopause structure of with a particular focus on its sharpness in the cloud and wind field, including vertical motion, within the jet stream, particularly near jet streaks and horizontal directions in locations regions from where DIs originate (region 1 in Fig. 1). We complement this by following and probing the coherent descent of dry intrusion air masses begins.
# NAWDIC will strengthen our understanding of momentum transport into descending DI airstreams from above until they reach and interact with the PBL and its role in the formation regions of severe wind gusts exceptional surface heat and convection. This will be achieved by high-resolution moisture fluxes (region 2). Finally we plan observations of wind, temperature, all phases of water, and cloud microphysical properties where dry intrusions descend with high spatio-temporal resolution in downstream regions prone to the top HIW (region 3 in Fig. 1).
h2. Observational aims
The HALO research aircraft will perform measurements of the PBL, meso- to synoptic-scale structure near the PBL tropopause, and surface beneath as well as the neighbouring cold fronts.
# NAWDIC will clarify the importance of the model representation interaction of surface fluxes in DI air masses with the cold sector and near fronts of extratropical cyclones for PBL over the data-sparse North Atlantic, that are related to downstream HIW and subsequent cyclogenesis, in particular over the ocean. Europe. To this end, detailed observations acquire highly-resolved horizontal and vertical profiles of turbulent heat, moisture wind, moisture, and momentum fluxes at the air-sea interface are planned.
h2. Observational strategy
We envision NAWDIC as temperature, we envisage a modular international effort, in which several groups contribute components that are in principle feasible as stand-alone projects. This gives us novel combination of instruments: the necessary flexibility to cope with unavoidable uncertainties in funding, planning, recently developed high-density KITsonde system, and implementation. NAWDIC forms the umbrella aiming to realize all components together in a coordinated manner in order to maximise synergies between the individual contributions. NAWDIC follows a “seamless” observational approach across scales: high-altitude, long-range aircraft, such as HALO, will characterise the large-scale environment and provide observations with remote sensing and dropsondes covering the spatial extent joint operation of a synoptic event. Envisaged observations Doppler wind Lidar together with mid-range, mid-troposphere aircraft (e.g., UK BAe146; French ATR42) components will characterise the mesoscale structure and cloud microphysical properties of the descending dry intrusion airstream and the PBL. This will be complemented with ground-based measurement networks that are high resolution Water Vapor Lidar Experiment in both time and space Space (WALES), to observe the mesoscale and convective structures connected to surface weather impact. In our seamless approach, modelling forms an integral part, which will – allow a quantification of moisture fluxes in collaboration with weather services – directly transfer the heterogeneous but precise observations into a structured model using data assimilation systems across scales.
*For more details we refer to the International Science Plan first published on 30 July 2021.* PBL (Kiemle et al. 2011).
---
h2. References
* Browning, K. A. (1997). 1997. The dry intrusion perspective of extra-tropical cyclone development. Meteorological Applications, 4(4), 317-324. "https://doi.org/10.1017/S1350482797000613":https://doi.org/10.1017/S1350482797000613
Meteorol. Appl., 4, 317-324
* Catto, J.L., & J. L., and S. Raveh-Rubin, S. (2019). 2019. Climatology and dynamics of the link between dry intrusions and cold fronts during winter. Part I: global climatology. Clim. Dyn., Dyn. 53, 1873-1892. "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04745-w":https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04745-w 1873-1892
* Grams, C. M., & C.M. and H.M. Archambault, H. M. (2016). 2016. The Key Role key role of Diabatic Outflow diabatic outflow in Amplifying amplifying the Midlatitude Flow: midlatitude flow: A Representative Case Study representative case study of Weather Systems Surrounding Western weather systems surrounding western North Pacific Extratropical Transition, Monthly Weather Review, 144(10), 3847-3869. "https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0419.1":https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0419.1 extratropical transition. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144, 3847-3869
* Harvey, B., B, J. Methven, J., C. Sanchez, C., & and A. Schäfler, A. (2020). Diabatic generation of negative potential vorticity and its impact on the North Atlantic jet stream. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146(728), 1477-1497. "https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3747":https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3747 2020. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 1-22
* Kiemle, C., M. Wirth, A. Fix, S., Rahm, U. Corsmeier, and P. Di Girolamo, 2011. Latent heat flux measurements over complex terrain by airborne water vapour and wind lidars. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 190-203
* Magnusson, L. & and I. Sandu, I. (2019). 2019. Experts review synergies between observational campaigns and weather forecasting, ECMWF Newsletter, No. Newsletter 161, ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, available at: "https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2019/19263-newsletter-no-161-autumn-2019.pdf":https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2019/19263-newsletter-no-161-autumn-2019.pdf 6-7
* Martius, Martius O., C. Schwierz, C., & Davies, and H. C. (2010). Tropopause-Level Waveguides, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 67(3), 866-879. "https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS2995.1":https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS2995.1 Davies, 2010. Tropopause-level waveguides. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 866-879
* Oertel, A., Boettcher, M., Joos, H., Sprenger, M., & Wernli, H. (2020). 2020. Potential vorticity structure of embedded convection in a warm conveyor belt and its relevance for large-scale dynamics. Weather and Climate Dynamics, 1(1), 127-153. "https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-127-2020":https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-127-2020 1, 127-153
* Quinting, J. F., & and F. Vitart, F. (2019). 2019. Representation of synoptic-scale Rossby wave packets and blocking in the S2S prediction project database. Geophysical Research Letters, Geophys. Res. Let., 46, 1070-1078. "https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081381":https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081381 1070-1078
* Raveh-Rubin, S. (2017). S., 2017. Dry intrusions: Lagrangian climatology and dynamical impact on the planetary boundary layer. Journal of J. Climate, 30(17), 6661-6682. "https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0782.1":https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0782.1 30, 6661-6682
* Schäfler, A., G. Craig, G., H. Wernli, H., Arbogast, P., Doyle, J.D., McTaggart-Cowan, R., Methven, J., Rivière, G., and 42 Co-Authors (2018). et al., 2018. The North Atlantic waveguide Waveguide and downstream impact experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 99(8), 1607-1637. "https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0003.1":https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0003.1
Downstream Impact Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99, 1607-1637
* Schäfler, A., B. Harvey, J. Methven, J.D. J. D. Doyle, S. Rahm, O. Reitebuch, F. Weiler, and B. Witschas (2020). Witschas. 2020. Observation of jet stream winds during NAWDEX and characterization of systematic meteorological analysis errors. Monthly Weather Review, 148(7), 2889-2907. "https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0229.1":https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0229.1 error, Mon. Wea. Rev., accepted.